An NIL collective is an organization that pools resources from donors, businesses, and fans to create name, image, and likeness opportunities for student-athletes at a specific university.
Collectives emerged after NCAA rule changes allowed athletes to profit from their NIL rights. They typically operate independently from the university while maintaining relationships with athletic departments, compliance staff, and athletes.
Collectives vary in structure — some are nonprofits, others are for-profit entities. Business models include donations, membership programs, corporate partnerships, and marketplace platforms.